Land of the Free or Land of the Few? Local Concentration in US Landownership

Landownership in the US is highly unequal and highly racialized. Nationally, the top 1  percent of households owns an estimated 40 percent of non-home real estate, and the top  10 (all white) agricultural landowners in the US together own more agricultural land than  all racial minorities in the US combined (Gilbert 2002, Fisher 2010). What we know  about inequality in landownership though is limited, either to the national level or to  agricultural land – no subnational estimates for urban and suburban, or residential and  commercial, lands exist, despite suggestive evidence that landownership inequality in  large cities may be even more severe than it is nationally (Wolff 2017). Understanding  the scope of local landownership inequality in the US is important though because land  accounts for most of the increase in American wealth inequality seen in recent decades,  and accounts for a third of the racial wealth gap (Rognlie 2015, Sullivan et al 2015). My  HMUI-funded work estimates the level of landownership inequality in US counties,  documenting how much of the land (in aggregate, and disaggregated by land use type) is  held by how few (in aggregate, and disaggregated by landowner race and gender).  Ultimately, I hope to make progress toward the question: “why are some places in the US  more unequal than others, and to what effect on the communities that inhabit them?” 

Fisher, Daniel. (2010). In Pictures: America's Top 10 Landowners. Forbes, online. https://www.forbes.com/2010/06/14/ted-turner john-malone-emmerson-business-billionaires-land_slide.html#9d886682d98c. 

Gilbert, Jess, Spencer D. Wood, and Gwen Sharp. (2002). Who Owns the Land? Current Agricultural Land Ownership by  Race/Ethnicity. Rural America, 17(4): 55-62. 

Rognlie, Matthew. (2015). Deciphering the Fall and Rise in the Net Capital Share: Accumulation or Scarcity? Brookings Papers on  Economic Activity, 46(1): 1-69. 

Sullivan, Laura, Tatjana Meschede, Lars Dietrich, Thomas Shapiro, Amy Traub, Catharine Reutschlin, and Tamara Draut. (2015). The  Racial Wealth Gap: Why Policy Matters. Demos and the Institute for Assets and Social Policy, Brandeis University, Policy  Report.  

Wolff, Edward N. (2017). Household Wealth Trends in the United States, 1962 to 2016: Has Middle Class Wealth Recovered? NBER  Working Paper No. 24085.

Researcher: Jacob Waggoner